Down syndrome

Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21. Chromosomes are small "packages" of genes in the body's cells, which determine how the body forms and functions.

When babies are growing, the extra chromosome changes how their body and brain develop. This can cause both physical and mental challenges.

People with Down syndrome often have developmental challenges, such as being slower to learn to speak than other children.

Distinct physical signs of Down syndrome are usually present at birth and become more apparent as the baby grows. They can include facial features, such as:

A flattened face, especially the bridge of the nose

Almond-shaped eyes that slant up

A tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth

Other physical signs can include:

A short neck

Small ears, hands, and feet

A Short Neck

A single line across the palm of the hand (palmar crease)

Small pinky fingers

Poor muscle tone or loose joints

Shorter-than-average height

Some people with Down syndrome have other medical problems as well. Common health problems include:

Congenital heart defects

Hearing loss

Obstructive sleep apnea